Economics: Research Guide

Highlights: • Simulated intercropping decrease disease intensity and improve protectiveness while canopy indicators predict such effects. • Pea intercropped with wheat decreased disease intensity compared with faba bean. • Nitrogen fertilization increased disease intensity. • This study stressed the critical lack of experimental data on disease in intercropping. Abstract: Context : Intercropping is a promising strategy for integrated disease management and agroecological transition, although experimental and modelling studies are scarce. Objectives: This study aims to understand and quantify the impact of non-host species choice and nitrogen (N) fertilization on disease epidemics in ..

Highlights: • Simulated intercropping decrease disease intensity and improve protectiveness while canopy indicators predict such effects. • Pea intercropped with wheat decreased disease intensity compared with faba bean. • Nitrogen fertilization increased disease intensity. • This study stressed the critical lack of experimental data on disease in intercropping. Abstract: Context : Intercropping is a promising strategy for integrated disease management and agroecological transition, although experimental and modelling studies are scarce. Objectives: This study aims to understand and quantify the impact of non-host species choice and nitrogen (N) fertilization on disease epidemics in ..

Highlights: • Simulated intercropping decrease disease intensity and improve protectiveness while canopy indicators predict such effects. • Pea intercropped with wheat decreased disease intensity compared with faba bean. • Nitrogen fertilization increased disease intensity. • This study stressed the critical lack of experimental data on disease in intercropping. Abstract: Context : Intercropping is a promising strategy for integrated disease management and agroecological transition, although experimental and modelling studies are scarce. Objectives: This study aims to understand and quantify the impact of non-host species choice and nitrogen (N) fertilization on disease epidemics in ..

When imagining how a green transition can take place, the relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability is commonly viewed in two ways: As ‘green growth, ’ where the two can be mutually supporting, and as ‘degrowth, ’ where they cannot. The two are considered mutually exclusive, internally coherent, and competing eco-political paradigms. Here, we conceptually analyze the literature and map standpoints within the two positions along nine dimensions covering national institutions, world order, and scientific cosmology. We find that there are substantial disagreements within as well as agreements between green growth and degrowth. In consequence, we argue that th..

When imagining how a green transition can take place, the relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability is commonly viewed in two ways: As ‘green growth, ’ where the two can be mutually supporting, and as ‘degrowth, ’ where they cannot. The two are considered mutually exclusive, internally coherent, and competing eco-political paradigms. Here, we conceptually analyze the literature and map standpoints within the two positions along nine dimensions covering national institutions, world order, and scientific cosmology. We find that there are substantial disagreements within as well as agreements between green growth and degrowth. In consequence, we argue that th..

When imagining how a green transition can take place, the relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability is commonly viewed in two ways: As ‘green growth, ’ where the two can be mutually supporting, and as ‘degrowth, ’ where they cannot. The two are considered mutually exclusive, internally coherent, and competing eco-political paradigms. Here, we conceptually analyze the literature and map standpoints within the two positions along nine dimensions covering national institutions, world order, and scientific cosmology. We find that there are substantial disagreements within as well as agreements between green growth and degrowth. In consequence, we argue that th..

When imagining how a green transition can take place, the relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability is commonly viewed in two ways: As ‘green growth, ’ where the two can be mutually supporting, and as ‘degrowth, ’ where they cannot. The two are considered mutually exclusive, internally coherent, and competing eco-political paradigms. Here, we conceptually analyze the literature and map standpoints within the two positions along nine dimensions covering national institutions, world order, and scientific cosmology. We find that there are substantial disagreements within as well as agreements between green growth and degrowth. In consequence, we argue that th..

When imagining how a green transition can take place, the relationship between economic growth and environmental sustainability is commonly viewed in two ways: As ‘green growth, ’ where the two can be mutually supporting, and as ‘degrowth, ’ where they cannot. The two are considered mutually exclusive, internally coherent, and competing eco-political paradigms. Here, we conceptually analyze the literature and map standpoints within the two positions along nine dimensions covering national institutions, world order, and scientific cosmology. We find that there are substantial disagreements within as well as agreements between green growth and degrowth. In consequence, we argue that th..

This study investigates the evolution of France's carbon footprint from 2000 to 2014, with a particular focus on the role of international trade. During this period, France's territorial emissions decreased by 18%, yet its consumption-based footprint declined by only 5%. This divergence reflects an increase in emissions embedded in imports, which grew from 45% to 54% of the total. To analyze these dynamics, we develop a novel structural decomposition framework that disentangles the contributions of scale, composition, and technique effects from a consumption perspective. Our approach extends existing methods by explicitly distinguishing between domestic and foreign influences, and by separat..

This study investigates the evolution of France's carbon footprint from 2000 to 2014, with a particular focus on the role of international trade. During this period, France's territorial emissions decreased by 18%, yet its consumption-based footprint declined by only 5%. This divergence reflects an increase in emissions embedded in imports, which grew from 45% to 54% of the total. To analyze these dynamics, we develop a novel structural decomposition framework that disentangles the contributions of scale, composition, and technique effects from a consumption perspective. Our approach extends existing methods by explicitly distinguishing between domestic and foreign influences, and by separat..

This article asks “who controls the controllers” now that the European Commission—long responsible for controlling the conduct of industrial policy in the EU's internal market—increasingly pursues its own industrial policy objectives. We draw on delegation theory to establish why the Commission should be held accountable for its industrial policy‐making and, based on a distinction between procedural and substantive accountability, develop a simple typology of accountability outcomes that helps us distinguish between full accountability, partial accountability, and unaccountability in the realm of industrial policy. To assess empirically whether and how the Commission has been held ..

The 2024 farmers' protests across Europe signaled widespread dissatisfaction in the agricultural sector. While low farm incomes and restrictive environmental regulations are commonly cited grievances, little is known about underlying motivations and individual farmers' reasons for protesting. This study explores individual farmers' protest motivations in Germany, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands to gain a deeper understanding of the diverse concerns shaping agricultural discontent across Europe. We analyze rich text data from 2232 farmers, collected through surveys using an open-ended question designed to elicit unprompted, top-of-mind protest reasons. By using a combination of hand and ..

The 2024 farmers' protests across Europe signaled widespread dissatisfaction in the agricultural sector. While low farm incomes and restrictive environmental regulations are commonly cited grievances, little is known about underlying motivations and individual farmers' reasons for protesting. This study explores individual farmers' protest motivations in Germany, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands to gain a deeper understanding of the diverse concerns shaping agricultural discontent across Europe. We analyze rich text data from 2232 farmers, collected through surveys using an open-ended question designed to elicit unprompted, top-of-mind protest reasons. By using a combination of hand and ..

This paper introduces a new approach to proving bootstrap consistency based upon the distribution of permutation statistics, using it to derive results covering fundamentally not-identically distributed groups of data, in which average moments do not converge to anything, with moment conditions that are less demanding than earlier results for either identically distributed or not-identically distributed data.

We study how passive investing affects asset prices. Flows into passive funds disproportionately raise the stock prices of the economy’s largest firms, and especially those large firms in high demand by noise traders. Because of this effect, the aggregate market can rise even when flows are entirely due to investors switching from active to passive funds. Intuitively, passive flows increase the idiosyncratic risk of large firms in high demand, which discourages investors from correcting the flows’ effects on prices. Consistent with our theory, prices and idiosyncratic volatilities of the largest S&P500 firms rise the most following flows into that index.

This paper examines the effects of a major 2012 student loan reform in Chile that reduced interest rates from 6% to 2% and introduced more flexible repayment terms. Unlike studies of initial loan implementation, this reform offers a rare opportunity to examine how changes in the cost of borrowing affect enrollment decisions among already-eligible students. Using rich administrative data and a difference-in-differences design, we estimate the effects of the reform on immediate enrollment, second-year enrollment, and second-year dropout. To strengthen causal inference, we complement our strategy with a difference-in-discontinuities approach that leverages eligibility thresholds. We find a comp..

This paper extends the existing individual decision-making framework of adapting to climate change by considering the effects of prior personal experience in shaping risk preferences. Conducting Prospect Theory-based “lab-in-field” risk experiments in rural areas of Xinjiang Province, we elicit Chinese farmers' risk curvature and probability bias by adopting more flexible Prelec's two-parameter probability functions. Using Bayesian approaches to estimation, we find that farmers' prior experiences not only provide information that influences the subjective distributions of future outcomes but also, by shaping farmers' personal risk preferences, affects how farmers absorb and update this i..

We evaluate the impact of attending two secondary free schools in England – new autonomous state-funded start-ups – using admission lotteries and a distance-based regression discontinuity design. We characterise each school’s ethos through text analysis of vision statements: one follows a 'no excuses' paradigm common among US charter schools; the other adopts a 'classical liberal', knowledge-rich approach. These features distinguish them from each other and from counterfactual schools attended by rejected applicants. Despite pedagogical differences, both schools significantly improve test scores, reduce absences, and lower student mobility. Our findings support policies promoting horiz..

The spatial concentration of knowledge-intensive activities can generate multiplicative effects at the local level. This paper examines how employment growth in knowledge-intensive and tradable sectors affects wage, days worked, and internal migration of non-tradable workers in Italy. We leverage matched employer-employee data (2005–2019) to track individuals across jobs and locations. Our empirical strategy combines a two-step estimation with a shift-share instrument to disentangle the roles of worker sorting and local spillovers. We find that knowledge sector expansion increases the number of days worked locally and attracts non-tradable workers. It also raises nominal wages, but only wh..

The spatial concentration of knowledge-intensive activities can generate multiplicative effects at the local level. This paper examines how employment growth in knowledge-intensive and tradable sectors affects wage, days worked, and internal migration of non-tradable workers in Italy. We leverage matched employer-employee data (2005–2019) to track individuals across jobs and locations. Our empirical strategy combines a two-step estimation with a shift-share instrument to disentangle the roles of worker sorting and local spillovers. We find that knowledge sector expansion increases the number of days worked locally and attracts non-tradable workers. It also raises nominal wages, but only wh..

For the twentieth year in a row, the UN General Assembly condemned North Korea’s human rights violations and did so at a moment when changing governments in the United States and South Korea raised real questions about whether the streak would hold. Instead, the vote underscored how deeply rooted global concern over Pyongyang’s abuses has…

South Korea’s fiscal position remains stronger than most advanced economies, but the foundation beneath that stability faces significant challenges. Years of disciplined budgeting kept public debt low and enabled the government to maintain steady surpluses throughout the 2010s, even as social spending expanded. Korea now faces a more challenging outlook, shaped by rapid population aging,…

The Donald Trump administration’s much-awaited National Security Strategy (NSS) landed last week with an audible thud. The somewhat truncated document is an odd combination of social media-style triumphalism and an effort to lay a strategic veneer on the administration’s often chaotic and contradictory policies. But the document clearly expresses an America-First view of the world,…